Current pandemics




HIV/AIDSedit

Although the WHO uses the term "global epidemic" to describe HIV ("WHO HIV/AIDS Data and Statistics". Retrieved 12 April 2020.), as HIV is no longer an uncontrollable outbreak outside of Africa, some authors use the term "pandemic". HIV originated in Africa, and spread to the United States via Haiti between 1966 and 1972. AIDS is currently a pandemic in Africa, with infection rates as high as 25% in southern and eastern Africa. In 2006, the HIV prevalence rate among pregnant women in South Africa was 29%. Effective education about safer sexual practices and bloodborne infection precautions training have helped to slow down infection rates in several African countries sponsoring national education programs.citation needed

In 2017, approximately 1 million people in the United States had HIV; 14% did not realize that they were infected.

COVID-19edit

A new strain of coronavirus was first identified in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in late December 2019. It has caused a cluster of cases of an acute respiratory disease, which is referred to as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). According to media reports, more than 200 countries and territories have been affected by COVID-19, with major outbreaks occurring in Brazil, Russia, India, Mexico, Peru, South Africa, Western Europe and the United States. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization characterized the spread of COVID-19 as a pandemic. As of 16 November 2020update, the number of people infected with COVID-19 has reached 54,978,057 worldwide, of whom 38,243,617 have recovered. The death toll is 1,326,860. It is believed that these figures are understated as testing did not commence in the initial stages of the outbreak and many people infected by the virus have no or only mild symptoms and may not have been tested. Similarly, the number of recoveries may also be understated as tests are required before cases are officially recognised as recovered, and fatalities are sometimes attributed to other conditions. This was especially the case in large urban areas where a non-trivial number of patients died while in their private residences. It was later discovered that asymptomatic hypoxia due to COVID-19 pulmonary disease may be responsible for many such cases.

Major outbreaks in countriesedit

Country name Total cases Total deaths Total recovered Active cases Deaths %
(of total cases) 		Recovered %
(of total cases) 		Main article Ref.
 USA 7,679,000+ 215,000+ 4,895,078 2,569,534 3.56 47.39 COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
 India 6,685,640+ 103,600 5,662,490 918,992 1.56 82.96 COVID-19 pandemic in India
 Brazil 4,940,499 146,773 4,295,302 498,424 3.71 68.65 COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
 Russia 1,225,889 21,475 982,324 222,090 1.62 72.99 COVID-19 pandemic in Russia
 Colombia 862,158 26,844 766,300 69,014 2.59 91.93 COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia
 Spain 852,838 32,225 N/A N/A 9.03 N/A COVID-19 pandemic in Spain
 Peru 829,999 32,834 712,888 69014 4.76 68.82 COVID-19 pandemic in Peru
 Mexico 761,665 79,088 550,053 132,524 11.37 63.88 COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
 South Africa 682,215 17,016 615,684 49,515 1.50 58.02 COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa
 Chile 471,746 13,037 443,453 15,256 2.76 N/A COVID-19 pandemic in Chile

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Pandemic

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A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν , pan , "all" and δῆμος , demos , "people") is an epidemic of an infectious disease that has spread across a large region, for instance multiple continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial number of people. A widespread endemic disease with a stable number of infected people is not a pandemic. Widespread endemic diseases with a stable number of infected people such as recurrences of seasonal influenza are generally excluded as they occur simultaneously in large regions of the globe rather than being spread worldwide. Throughout human history, there have been a number of pandemics of diseases such as smallpox and tuberculosis. The most fatal pandemic in recorded history was the Black Death (also known as The Plague), which killed an estimated 75–200 million people in the 14th century. The term was not used yet but was for later pandemics including the 1918 influenza pandemic (Spanish flu). Current pandemics include COVID-19 (SARS-CoV...
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Management

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The basic strategies in the control of an outbreak are containment and mitigation . Containment may be undertaken in the early stages of the outbreak, including contact tracing and isolating infected individuals to stop the disease from spreading to the rest of the population, other public health interventions on infection control, and therapeutic countermeasures such as vaccinations which may be effective if available. When it becomes apparent that it is no longer possible to contain the spread of the disease, management will then move on to the mitigation stage, in which measures are taken to slow the spread of the disease and mitigate its effects on society and the healthcare system. In reality, containment and mitigation measures may be undertaken simultaneously. A key part of managing an infectious disease outbreak is trying to decrease the epidemic peak, known as "flattening the epidemic curve". This helps decrease the risk of health services being overwhelmed, and pro...
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